The large majority of pituitary adenomas are benign and fairly slow-growing. Pituitary adenomas are the most common intracranial tumors after gliomas, meningiomas and schwannomas.They are most often well-defined, noninvasive, homogeneous and slow-growing. Pineocytomas are generally benign lesions that arise from the pineal cells, occurring predominantly in adults.These tumors originate from the meninges, the membrane-like structures that surround the brain and spinal cord. Meningiomas are the most common benign intracranial tumors, comprising 10 to 15 percent of all brain neoplasms, although a very small percentage are malignant.However, glomus tumors, in general, contribute to only 0.6 percent of neoplasms of the head and neck. They are the most common form of glomus tumor. Glomus jugulare tumors most frequently are benign and typically are located just under the skull base, at the top of the jugular vein.Gangliocytomas, gangliomas and anaplastic gangliogliomas are rare tumors that include neoplastic nerve cells that are relatively well-differentiated, occurring primarily in young adults.They usually arise from a portion of the pituitary gland (the structure that regulates many hormones in the body), so nearly all patients will require some hormone replacement therapy. Craniopharyngiomas typically are benign, but are difficult tumors to remove because of their location near critical structures deep in the brain.These are rare tumors, contributing to only 0.2 percent of all primary brain tumors. Although these tumors are benign, they may invade the adjacent bone and put pressure on nearby neural tissue. Their most common locations are the base of the skull and the lower portion of the spine. Chordomas are benign, slow-growing tumors that are most prevalent in people ages 50 to 60.More sophisticated diagnostic tools, in addition to innovative surgical and radiation approaches, have helped survival rates expand up to years and also allowed for an improved quality of life for patients following diagnosis. In the past, the outcome for patients diagnosed with these tumors was very poor, with typical survival rates of just several weeks. Up to 40 percent of people with lung cancer will develop metastatic brain tumors. Metastatic tumors to the brain affect nearly one in four patients with cancer, or an estimated 150,000 people a year. Metastatic tumors are considered cancer and are malignant. Metastatic brain tumors include tumors that arise elsewhere in the body (such as the breast or lungs) and migrate to the brain, usually through the bloodstream. Primary tumors are categorized as glial (composed of glial cells) or non-glial (developed on or in the structures of the brain, including nerves, blood vessels and glands) and benign or malignant. Primary brain tumors include tumors that originate from the tissues of the brain or the brain's immediate surroundings. More than 150 different brain tumors have been documented, but the two main groups of brain tumors are termed primary and metastatic. A brain tumor, known as an intracranial tumor, is an abnormal mass of tissue in which cells grow and multiply uncontrollably, seemingly unchecked by the mechanisms that control normal cells.
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